The contribution of Muslim scientists to science up to the 15th century is commendable. This can be understood from the terms "al-jabr" and "chemistry". The Islamic world has made an undeniable contribution not only to science, but also to the development of such areas as art, commerce, and politics. So why have they lagged behind Europe in science to this day? What are the reasons for this?

There are many definitions of science. The most common of them, and the closest to the truth, is "taking something at face value". That is, any concept existing in the human mind that corresponds to the reality of the external world is considered direct science. As linguists have pointed out, despite the fact that science and enlightenment are slightly different in terms of word and meaning, their meanings intersect at one point. From the article of Professor Bashar Bakur, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, Faculty of Science and Humanities, International Islamic University of Malaysia.