During the caliphate of Umar ibn Khattab (634-644), the lands of Iraq and Syria were conquered. Among the captured spoils were the fertile lands of the Persians and Shams in Mesopotamia. Many, including Bilal ibn Rabah, were of the opinion that these lands should be divided among the Muslims. Umar's idea was to leave those lands undivided. The confrontation continued for two or three days or more. Then Umar, may Allah be pleased with him, said: "I found evidence for this, Allah Almighty said in His Book...